Functional Alcoholic Definition
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What is a functional alcoholic? Is it possible to be an alcoholic and still a functional member of society with a job and a family, etc.? Opinions are split on the questions but let's take a look at what might qualify someone as a functional alcoholic.
What defines a functional alcoholic? Well, there is no hard and fast rule when it comes to defining an alcoholic. The general belief is that nobody can know whether another person is or is not an alcoholic. Only that person can know for sure. Therefore we examine whether someone is a functioning alcoholic the best we can do is theorize about what makes an alcoholic.
Some misconceptions about Alcoholism
Many people are mistakenly of the belief that you must fulfill certain criteria in order to be an alcoholic. These can vary but some, for instance, believe that to be an alcoholic you must:
- Drink alcohol every day.
- Have lost a job or a marriage do to drinking.
- Drink in the morning.
- Have made one or more trips to a rehab or treatment center.
- Made one or more visits to jail as a result of drinking.
The reason these are misconceptions is that every alcoholic has their own line or limit. This is often referred to as the alcoholic's bottom. There are low bottom drunks who end up homeless and jobless as a result of their drinking. However, there are many more alcoholics who never suffer those kind of drastic consequences of their drinking. There are no hard and fast rules. The question, when trying to answer whether one is a functional alcoholic, becomes one of consequences.
For instance if a person has ever suffered interpersonal, financial, legal, vocational, psychological or medical consequences as a result of their drinking they may have a problem with alcohol. Now this does not mean that one is an alcoholic. There are many who can best be classified as problem drinkers. These individuals have faced obstacles as a result of their drinking but have been able to stop or moderate their consumption when given sufficient reason to do so.
On the other hand, an alcoholic is an individual when faced with a compelling reason to stop or moderate their drinking is unable to do so. Oh, they may have a million justifications or excuses as to why they haven't stopped, but the simple fact is that they have substantial reason to quit and they haven't. These individuals are alcoholic.
So, then what is a functional alcoholic. A functional alcoholic is often described as a person who drinks frequently but does not incur sufficient consequences that they must stop or moderate their drinking. Many recovery specialists believe that functional alcoholics do not truly exist. They hold that a person is either alcoholic, meaning their drinking will continue to incur consequences until they either stop drinking or die from the disease, or they are not alcoholic at all, meaning that if such consequences were to present themselves they would be able to remedy them without any outside help.
It is my belief that many people who believe themselves to be functioning alcoholics are simply in a less advanced state of alcoholism and their consequences will continue to mount until they are forced to stop drinking. One can not remain both a functioning member or society and an alcoholic for very long. They are in fact mutually exclusive.
Alcoholism is progressive, terminal condition. If a person continues in their disease untreated they will either continue to deteriorate over time (and this can be a slow process) or they will die as a result of their drinking. If on the other hand one is merely a problem drinker, they can continue to drink until presented with a reason to stop or moderate which they will be able to do without to much difficulty.
Therefore, when all is said and done, it is likely that there is no such thing as a functional alcoholic. All alcoholics will at some point become dsyfunctional. If they do not, then it is likely that they never were an alcoholic in the first place. That, in a nutshell, is a definition of a functional alcoholic.
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Interesting. I have a friend who I think is an alcoholic, but keeps his jobs, and friendship commitments. His biggest issue is being broke all of the time....because he spends at least $100 a week on booze.
Yes, good information here. A former co-worker of mine use to drink accessively but it didn't seem to affect her at work so no one said anything. Then, she miscarried, that's when she knew she needed to stop but had a hard time. Like and alcoholic. Thanks for the information.
Contrary to the article I think there is such a thing as a functional alcoholic and unfortunately I am one. I work full time and go to school full time for my master's degree. I am in a successful marriage. However I carry alcohol with me at all times. I do not drink for several hours before I drive and I am never even tipsy when I drive. I never get drunk enough to be hung over. I do not drink every day. But I am dependant on alcohol to get through almost every day. I know this is unhealthy. As I write this it is ten in the morning and I am having a drink. This article is an interesting "theoretical" article where the author attempts to philosophise but, the truth is, many of us are condemned with alcoholism but carry on lives, smart enough to avoid staggering around sloshed, and I would call us functional alcoholics. If someone reads this article after googling, wondering about a friend, spouse, or themselves, I want to say yes, we do exist and yes, we need help. I know this is bad for my health and I will have to stop. I wish I could tell you the right thing to say to get someone to stop. Maybe what I know is leading myself to stop - fear of health issues, the fear of letting it destroy my life. Maybe they have not seen lives destroyed by alcohol like I have. We think we are stronger than the alcohol because, today, I am. But I know not tomorrow.
A very good hub.Being an alcoholic I would say a functional alcoholic is a sober recovering one
alcoholic is not bad. It's only bad when you cannot live without it.
Here, in the U.S., from my personal experience, there are more people with prescription drug dependency than alcoholics. Most of these addicts are "functional". Without the pills, they could not hold a job, or perform the "functional" tasks in their lives. Pill-pushing doctors maintain addicts, because it is lucrative. Health insurance plans compensate the doctors, as well as the drug companies.
Moderate alcohol use is far more benign than pill addiction. Be it narcotics, tranquilizers, or expensive anti-depressants. Alcoholism doesn't generate the kind of revenue that prescription happy pills do. I think I'll stick with my beer.
great hub/ thanx for sharing
I have seen many functional alcoholics. Most get into treatment early and avoid becoming dysfunctional alcoholics.
whatis the difference between an alcoholic and a drunk? my husband drinks beer at work and comes home and makes himself a mixed drink as soon as he gets in the door.his drink has more whiskey in it than soda.his attitude changes on his second drink. uis drinking has gotten really bad. he drinks everynight till he just passes out in his recliner as he falls to sleep with a cigarrette.i am tired of babysitting this drunken human being. he gets verbally abusive and puts me in tears.i have a serious medical problem and he laughs at me about this.the doctors want to remove my bladder.i have enough going on without his abuse.what can i do?
Addiction is such a tricky subject-- the problem with alcohol is that it is only and addictive substance for a minority of people so most people don't take it serously -- people think drunks are funny when really, they are very sad. Totally agree that most alcoholism is invisible to the public until it reaches the end stages
A very dear (and smart) friend of mine defines it like this: "If alcohol causes problems in your life, then you're an alcoholic." That's been the case in my life. I finally "get it."
good article, I do believe that functional alcoholics exist however. I drank every night, generally very heavily,in college and got very good grades. I reached a point where the hangover just became a normal part of me, and while socially I was affected I rarely took an educational hit for my drinking. Now with a job I still manage to drink heavily nearly every day, waking up earlier is more difficult but I just havn't found any adverse affects on my life. I know that it is hard to believe but once your in the cycle it's not that hard to keep doing it.
An alcoholic is a person who has a physical allergy to alcohol....we cannot process alcohol in our system the way other drinkers do. But yes, no matter what logic or reason there is for drinking , we still do it until we no longer want to go on living that way. It is a long way down to the bottom, but the alcoholic is always one drink away from an even lower bottom.
Well done, I an a functioning Alcoholic myself and I have never lost a job, family or anythink like that, my bottom was my Dad calling on me one day and told me was one of us and I never knew that, He told me if I did not stop I would actually loss the things that many have.
I never thought I was an Alcoholic cause I have a great job and do it very well even to this day ut now that I'm sober I have become much better then ever before.
Thank you forthis article Great Good
good article, I do believe that functional alcoholics exist however. I drank every night, generally very heavily,in college and got very good grades. I reached a point where the hangover just became a normal part of me, and while socially I was affected I rarely took an educational hit for my drinking. Now with a job I still manage to drink heavily nearly every day, waking up earlier is more difficult but I just havn't found any adverse affects on my life. I know that it is hard to believe but once your in the cycle it's not that hard to keep doing it
Travis,
What you describe (the idea of regular heavy drinking with very real, though manageable consequences) is what I experienced from the ages 15-27. Be aware that (at least in my case) eventually this behaviour will catch up with you with the potential for a host of negative consequences. Hopefully you never cross the line and become more than a casual user of hard drugs, as this is (from my experience) the beginning of the end...
"misty 4 months ago
Contrary to the article I think there is such a thing as a functional alcoholic and unfortunately I am one. I work full time and go to school full time for my master's degree. I am in a successful marriage. However I carry alcohol with me at all times. I do not drink for several hours before I drive and I am never even tipsy when I drive. I never get drunk enough to be hung over. I do not drink every day. But I am dependant on alcohol to get through almost every day. I know this is unhealthy. As I write this it is ten in the morning and I am having a drink. This article is an interesting "theoretical" article where the author attempts to philosophise but, the truth is, many of us are condemned with alcoholism but carry on lives, smart enough to avoid staggering around sloshed, and I would call us functional alcoholics. If someone reads this article after googling, wondering about a friend, spouse, or themselves, I want to say yes, we do exist and yes, we need help. I know this is bad for my health and I will have to stop. I wish I could tell you the right thing to say to get someone to stop. Maybe what I know is leading myself to stop - fear of health issues, the fear of letting it destroy my life. Maybe they have not seen lives destroyed by alcohol like I have. We think we are stronger than the alcohol because, today, I am. But I know not tomorrow."
...and in reality, you aren't stronger than alcohol today either if you're drinking at 10AM - not because of the time, but because as you said, you're dependent upon alcohol, you carry it with you all the time "in case" you need it to get through the day, and you know you need help.
the article posted is interesting, and i would add this - there are 2 pieces to look at to determine whether or not you're an alcoholic - 1.)compulsion to, obsession with, or powerlessness over alcohol and 2.) consequences suffered due to drinking. an easier way to think of it - the 2 C's - compulsion & consequences. ask yourself a couple questions:
1. "when i want alcohol do i feel like i *need* to have it; can i stop drinking once i've started or does 1 drink never feel like enough?"
as an alcoholic, i know that i am powerless over alcohol. i don't have the stop mechanism in my brain that says "okay, 2 glasses of wine is enough, you're gonna have a headache if you drink anymore." my brain says, "i should probably buy 2 bottles right now to make sure i have it when i need it." and for me personally, when the 2 are gone, or more accurately, halfway through the 2nd one, i'm looking to secure more alcohol = obsession with alcohol. alcohol tricks my brain into thinking it's good for me, i need it, when i feel bad, drink, even if i feel sick because of drinking my alcoholic brain says "have a couple shots, it'll calm your nerves."
2. "have i suffered any negative consequences due to alcohol?"
negative consequences could be multiple DUI's, a bar fight that lands you in jail overnight, killing someone while driving drunk, losing your wife & children, losing a job, dropping out of school, severe depression, stealing for alcohol, to simply being dumped by a boyfriend. these are all the "bottoms" a couple people mentioned above. typically a bottom is the place an alcoholic gets to when they decide they *must* stop drinking, it's causing trouble & they can't control themselves with it.
re: the original article. personally, i think whomever came up with the term "functional alcoholic" should be shot. i like the idea of being functional and being an alcoholic, but the problem is, an alcoholic's definition of "functional" just gets lower and lower to accommodate their latest consequence due to alcohol. "if i drive home drunk & i don't get a DUI i'm still a functional alcoholic."
no matter how you decide to define this term - one thing is accepted by the AMA as true: alcoholism is a progressive disease. it doesn't ever get better, you can switch from wine to beer, limit your drinking to only at night, only in social situations, only at home, never keep it in your cabinet, hopping on the wagon for some period of time to prove to yourself you can stop - but if you are, in fact, an alcoholic as i am - no matter what limitations you put on your drinking you'll end up dying from alcoholism, sometimes quickly sometimes slow and painfully - if left untreated. there is NO "cure" for alcoholism, only treatment to become a recovered/ing alcoholic, but because this is recognized by the medical community as a disease with no cure that gets worse the longer you have it, eventually left untreated you die. period.
i am a grateful alcoholic in recovery (for the rest of my life), the AMA info above is fact, the rest is commonly accepted knowledge among formerly drinking alcoholics who are spending the rest o their lives working o themselves to keep alcohol out of their systems because the first drink gets you drunk, and there is never enough to get you drunk enough.
if you think you may be an alcoholic, contact your local AA chapter for help. here's a quick list of 12 questions about your drinking habits to help you decide if you need to make that call:
http://www.aa.org/lang/en/subpage.cfm?page=71
that's off AA's main page:
which can also help you find your local chapter of the group.
How can you be a functional alcoholic if you can not function for parts of the time in reality. After 25 years of drinking (Now in recovery)....I had highs and lows....had business, marraige, kids, healthy bank accounts, however I've been on the streets, locked up, beaten up, and dead....twice for three minutes. Now Now even at the height of my successes I was still not a functioning alcoholic because I couldn't function fully with reality without that first drink. Ifr I was fully functional I wouldn't have had that first drink every day. And contrary to all the belief surrounding AA jargon....find your true soul and discover your true meaning of being on this planet, and accept the wrongs in life that come with the good for any kind of peace.
Get a copy editor and this article is good. Misuse of
'do' vs 'due' and 'to' vs 'too' may seem trival but it presents a loss
of credit to those looking for confidence in aid.
I've been drinking too much every day for many years. I have a middle class full time job, a car, an apartment in an expensive city and I have probably missed work 2 or 3 times in the last 6 years. My drinking has not increased or decreased over the years. I seem to drink approximately 2 bottles of wine in the evening. I have aboslutely no interest in drinking while it is still light outside. I consider myself literate and educated 50 year old.
Great information here. Thanks for the info. I too had to stop with the drinking everyday for years. I saw how I was going downhill. Every time I would look into the mirror I saw change and not for the good. I decided to go cold turkey and it's been working fine for me. Yes, I was a totally different person to family and friends when the drinking started. Everyone then would just stay clear of me. Not to say I was a lonely drunk.I figured I had to many goals and dreams that I wanted to achieve and by drinking they would never come. Now being sober is the best thing I could ever had done, not only for myself, but for everyone else involved. Stay Positive, believe and you will achieve. Thanks for the Hub.
excellent hub. My in-laws are functional alcoholics. Will link
My boyfirend does not think he is an alcoholic because he does not go to AA mtgs.. but he drinks just about everyday.. there are a few days where he won't. he gets really mean when he drinks.. he just says he is a drunk. i cant stand it when he drinks he becomes a different person. but he cant stop. i even found a case of beer in the back of his truck opened. he never told me about it. he got mad cuz he said i was going threw his truck.. i said he was hiding it since he had agreed to stop drinking.. but he didn't he had it in his truck. he said he would never admit to something he is not. so i have a feeling soon our relationship will end. i am tired of it..
i some what disagree with this article. At some point the alcoholic will not be on their "A" game, but functional alcoholics do exist. They do daily activities while drinking, many could not do the same. Tolerance has to build up in order for this to happen.
My husband has a great job and never misses work. However, come Friday and Saturday, totally drunk. Verbally abusive to me and our use to be friends. Doesn't drink Sunday through Thursday. Is this a functional alcoholic?
Thank you to all who have made comments here. I am looking to understand my son.
Good article, but I disagree with the conclusions. I am a functional alcoholic, I drink just about everyday, 6-8 drinks (usually beer), and on my days off usually anywhere's between 10-13 beers, and I've been doing that for at least 10 years. I am happily married to a wonderful woman, have a successful job in criminal justice, 2 wonderful healthy children, house, cars, and money left over at the end of the month for social activities. I have gone to one AA meeting after a particularly bad drunk, followed by another particularly bad drunk, but didn't go back. Stopped drinking for 16 days that time and felt great. But after 10 days or so the compulsion to drink came back stronger than ever, I said to myself "see, I stopped for 16 days, I can stop whenever I want"....so I started again, then I found a great fitness program, which took 90 days to do and in that 90 days I completed the program and my alcohol consumption was minimal and felt great, but slowly once again the compulsion to drink creeped back in and so I did. You see, unlike reading some of these comments on this page, alcohol just takes my natural personality (easy going, laid back) and exentuates it, which is a stress relief for me, it relaxes me to the point where I don't think about work, I'm happy go lucky and I feel good.....this I believe is probably the most dangerous type of effect from alcohol because it almost gives me an excuse to drink....so in a nutshell I need help as I know I cannot stop alone...however I believe there are such people as functional alcoholics because I am one....
Joe Blow-
You described my husband. He has a good job and makes it to work each day. He drinks 10-15 beers each night, every night of the week all year long. When I have spoken to him about it he becomes angry and hateful. He is a good father but I don't like the person I see when I approach him about his drinking. I have reached out to his family, coworkers, and friends and have gotten no where except more angry words. He doesn't see it as a problem and likes the way it helps him unwind, and sleep. I feel trapped because of the size town we live in and his job in the community I don't feel like I can attend an AA meeting or any other type meeting for support. I would call him a functional alcoholic. It's slowly destroying our marriage and he doesn't even notice it because he comes in and starts drinking to unwind then shuts down and never talks or spends any time with me. About a year ago I asked him if he'd cut back or if the kids and I were enough to make him want to cut back to which he told me to "Freaking leave it alone" followed by a very loud "NO!"
Any suggestions?
Okay, let's be honest with ourselves.. For those of you that believe they know whether or not someone is an alcoholic, you don't!!!!! Just because someone drinks it doesn't mean they are alcoholics. A drink does actually relax you even if it takes more than one. Other's take valium or xanex to relax... What's better... it's all addictive. I would rather have a drink when I get home then be unhappy, depressed and stressed out... Or worse strung out on "happy pills"...... No Thanks! I think I'll pour me a drink.
My name is Trevor, and I am an alcoholic. My date of sobriety is January first 1973 and have never had a drink of alcohol since. (the coming January 2011 will make 38 years). I have read all of the posts with great interest. I also have a 22 year old daughter who is now battling the disease of alcoholism. I sobered up in a an alcoholic ward that was situated in a mental hospital in New Zealand and was kept as a patient for a three months stay. From there I spent some time in A.A. but could not get the God or higher power thing as I am an Atheist. I did learn that it was important to keep close contact with other sober alcoholics if I wanted to remain sober. Experience has taught me that there is no right way or wrong way on the road to recovery as every alcoholic is an individual with the needs of an individual. If you wake up sober in the morning, then what you done the day before was right for you. But if you wake up drunk, then perhaps it is time you tried something different. All that I can tell you with any certainty is is the longer you last without a drink, the easier it gets. A word of warning here. Be very wary of people that have all the answers. After nearly 38 years, i am still learning.
Functional Alcoholics are people who go about their lives normally and feel the need/compulsion to drink. It has no effect on their work life or social life, these people are GENERALLY single, no children, and have no one to care for except themselves. It is wrong to believe that people like this are not around.
I am a functional alcoholic, I never drink and drive, I never go to work/class/family event intoxicated or even with any BAC above 0.00, however at night I drink more than a "normal" person. It is absurd to think that people would say that people can not be both functional and have a problem at the same time; think of smoking; people can go an entire shift at work without a smoke, but on the drive home they have one.
Really, think of yourself, anything you can't live without? chocolate? coffee? cigarettes? hugging your kids? reading? it is all the same thing when you think about it. Some people do not have what others do so please save your judgment for jury duty.
I read every comment in this hub this morning. Very informative, and yet very controversial. I have battled with the idea of being an alcoholic for years. And it took Charlie Sheen on the Today show this morning for me to GOOGLE "Functioning Alcoholic". And here i am, still confused. An alcoholic is someone who has an addiction to alcohol. Right? Well, what clasifies an addiction? Lets GOOGLE "Definition of Addiction"....being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs).....or this one...Addiction is an uncontrollable compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its negative consequences.
Well.... Still confused... There are alot of things I am addicted to.
I can't seem to go more then a couple days without a cigarette. But I have gone several months without a drink. But when I do drink, I drink a beer every 45min to an hour. I don't chug them and I don't need a cigarette every hour more like alot of people do. I don't drink to get drunk, as a matter of fact I don't drink liquor because I don't like to get drunk. I drink alot of fluids even during the day. I go through 2-4 32 ounce power aides late morning to when I get home(4-6 hours). Then I drink about 6-10 beers before bed(6-8 hours) so thats about the same fluid intake per hour. Would be alot healthier if that was water huh?
Still confused!..... Well.... I do know that I drink beer because not only do I like beer but also because I like how it makes me feel relaxed. Even that first sip tastes so good when I get home. It makes me feel less stressed, forget about the daily grind, and yes I do know it reduces some of my aches and pains(physical)whether because of the reduced stress or the alcohol. And As long as I don't over due it and stay up to late, I very rarely wake up late or hung over because of it.
Now unlike some of the above posts, I have had it affect my life. I have had 2 DUI's in 10 years. During my 1st divorce and the night of my 20 year reunion. I have had many other times when I should not have driven. I have also had a marriage and another relationship that ended with them giving one of the primary reasons as my "ALCOHOLISM". I am going through a seperation now and she gave one of the main reasons as my "ALCOHOLISM". All three of these woman were daily drinkers as well at some point in the begining of our relationships. They just expected me to stop as well. Then criticize when I don't.
FUNCTIONING ALCOHOLIC???? I don't know! Still Confused!... I go to work and make money. I come home and love my wife and kids. I help cook and do some of the housework, and when the weather is nice I love to build and work outside. I am everyones friend and like to do good deeds for others. And I am active in my kids lives. I just like to have a beer when I am doing some these things.
FUNCTIONING ALCOHOLIC????
Get an alcohol eval and they will tell you everytime you're an alcoholic.. They want that class filled.. And my ex's love hanging that stuff over my head.
ALCOHOLIC????....FUNCTIONING ALCOHOLIC???? OR Problem Drinker? I don't know! Still Confused!...
Your guess is as good as mine!
I did a google search and found this article.I just read all the posts to see if somebody has the same views on the subject as me.
I think I am a problem drinker but very functional in my world. I can afford to buy the Alcohol that I need year round and also renovate my house, fix my truck and buy new parts for Harley. 2 beers a day with dinner, maybe one some nights and 5-6 Rum and cokes after that until bedtime.
I am rarley late to work, wake up sometimes before the alarm clock goes off at 6 am.
I am a 52 year old male living in Canada and started drinking in this pattern about 10 years ago.
Back in the 70's I did every drug that was around except H which I was warned not to try even once. If you know anybody that is still alive that was a junkie you know the point I am trying to make.
10 years ago my wife had an affair with a friend of mine and when it was exposed it broke us up. They left town 6 months later and left me with a 14 year old daughter and an 11 year old son to raise on my own.
I have never had a DUI or do I drink at work or during the day except maybe a beer or two at lunch once or twice a week.
If I was 26 and not 52 maybe I would be more worried about my lifesyle as back then a case of beer in the fridge would be there for more than a month or two and rum was only for Christmas.
My point I would like posted is if you are young and reading this and you drink like I do or more it will kill you over the years...to you old dudes like me...how many more do we have...party on wayne!
Lots of great information, comments, sincerity. But as I'm sitting here with my beer..... the bottom line(as far as I'm concerned), is; if alcohol affects any part of your life, relationships, work or health then you are not a functional alcoholic. What does the 'WHO' say? 1-2 drinks a day for women, a couple more for men. Don't fool yourself, at the very least your health is beeing affected.
I've heard the real issue with a functional alcoholic is the long term consequences. I've heard that being a functional alcoholic is bad as it destroys you slowly from the inside from a health perspective. Life is good and then you die at 50 or 60. Nobody knows why, but you slowly pickled yourself over the years. You don't realize that you are killing yourself.
That is my concern and why I googled this...
So what are the main health concerns for a "functional alcoholic"? To the individual, not the obvious impacts to others...
Alcoholism is very strange. I've been an alcoholic for about 25 years, in the earlier years on both Friday and Saturday Nights as well as through the week. I generally start out in the evening Tues and Thurs and Sat 3 times a week around 8:30 and drink until about 1pm. During the week I drink light as I have to get up to work. Saturday night I usually drink about 12 drinks or more and sleep until 12.
Strange as it may be I sometimes seem more focused during drinking.
The funny thing is I went to Disney for a week in April. I had maybe 4 beer there the whole time.
As a father of a recently found out "functional" I wanted to thank everyone that has posted.I have learned alot.I want to help if you want help and I want to not judge.body chemistry is complex and compulsions and addictions are powerful. There is a saying that "love will conquer all".it is love of the mother for the unborn that helps her not drink.the love of a wife for the drinking husband where she stands by him "in sickness and in health" until he dies or changes. Knowing we are the offspring of God with divine potential helps us get off the couch and love life and build relationships of value.knowing the love of God who saw his Son suffer and die that we may be free. JesusChrist And his love and life can abolish addiction heal relationships and give us power beyond our own to do all things. When tempted and resisting the urge try praying to the Father in the name of JesusChrist and you will be amazed . He healed incurable diseases( leprosy and the blind) and he can heal you. Need to drink to calm down? He calms the raging sea..try a prayer and you will see. I know he lives he came out of the tomb.and his love and power is greater than any other of this I testify in the name of Jesus Christ .
lyricsingray 2 years ago
great write-thanks, kimberly